引用
最初由 Miyuki 发布
呃,我要做什么表情呢………………
三八大盖因为威力不足、确切说是远距离上停止作用不足,导致后来日本人折腾的7.7毫米九九式就是为了改善远距离下的停止作用——三八大盖下去一枪俩眼人还活蹦乱跳的例子不算很少。而近距离的情况下友坂6.5弹命中目标后导致变形可以达到类似达姆弹的效果,这个美军是有研究报告的——那个时候日本人的战争物资还没有那么缺乏。
至于说大正十一式的威力问题,如果说大膛线缠具导致弹道失稳加强了停止作用,那么它的侵彻力很可能就是一个茶几——我想美国越战时期用打M193弹的M16A1的老兵对此应该会有很强的认同——M193的临界稳定弹道直接打人体上的停止作用巨大,但是VC一躲树后面美国人就抓瞎。
我觉得你应该去多读读书,多查查详实可信的资料。而不是凭着军坛上一些道听途说的只言片语就人云亦云。
一些“流言终结者”最常引用的资料就是美国陆军医疗部依据二战中的大量实例和分析而写就的《创伤弹道学》一书。但是要注意,此书并非成书于二战期间,而是在1962年完成的,对6.5mm有坂弹的创伤弹道研究也不是始于“日本人的战争物资还没有那么缺乏”的二战早期,实际上美、日地面部队大规模接触是在1942年8月才开始的,这个时候的日军物资虽然还没到捉襟见肘的地步,但是也已经相当紧张了。
那么这本书里面对6.5mm有坂弹的杀伤效果是怎么描述的呢?我们来看看原文——
The 6.5 mm. (0.256 in.) (fig. 9) bullet, especially one made with a gilding metal (an alloy of copper and zinc) jacket, when it hit a target had an explosive effect and tended to separate, leaving the entire jacket in the wound while the bullet went on through. Small globules of lead scattered through the wound and embedded themselves elsewhere in the flesh. This condition was the result of the fact that the rear-section walls of the bullet jacket, which was filled with a lead core, were thinner than the forward walls. The sudden stoppage of the high-velocity bullet when it hit an object produced a tendency to burst the rear walls causing an "explosion." The lead core, which had a greater specific gravity, penetrated, leaving behind the relatively lighter jacket from which it had been discharged. The bullets made with cupronickel jackets had more of a tendency to retain their lead cores because of the greater tensile strength of the alloy when compared with the strength of the gilding-metal-jacketed bullet.
The unusually large exit wound openings often found with this caliber bullet were due to the natural instability of the bullet and possibly to its being fired from inferior weapons. Similarly, there were elliptic entry wounds, a result of the "keyholing" effect of bullets hitting with their sides.
(美国陆军医疗部,《创伤弹道学》,第一章 敌方弹药,第一节 日式弹药,第19页)
第一段对6.5mm有坂弹的杀伤机理已经做了分析——尾部被甲较薄,在高速冲击时此处被甲易破裂,铅芯则碎裂成小块分布在伤道内。同时也提到了使用白铜材料制造的被甲较难破裂,而青铜被甲则容易破裂。作为参照,日本“陸軍省『教育総監部 30年式歩兵銃及騎銃保存法』”中对6.5mm有坂弹的描述则是“弾丸は内部に純鉛の弾芯があり、これを白銅で被甲している。”那白铜是怎么变成青铜的,原因自然不言而喻了。
第二段则说到了造成这些出口较大的伤道的有坂弹,往往是使用状况较差的枪械打出的,因为伤道的入口呈现“钥匙孔”形,这表明弹丸在命中人体前就已经开始偏转了。
上面说了杀伤机理,那这种杀伤效果在什么条件下才能有效发挥呢?原书第二章做了分析——
In general, it has been observed that with sufficient velocity all cored metal-jacketed bullets will break up or deform on impact. The most resistant to disintegration is the sharp-pointed spitzer bullet. However, at close ranges and impact velocities in excess of 2,400 f.p.s., this bullet often shows deformation, with breakup appearing first in the base of the bullet. On the other hand, the round-nosed bullets break up at velocities from 1 to 2 thousand feet less, but their first deformation occurs at the nose. Bullet breakup or deformation of the full metal patch missile is most apt to occur on impact with hard bone.
(美国陆军医疗部,《创伤弹道学》,第二章 致伤物的弹道特性,第一节 弹药的杀伤物理特性,第97页)
也就是说要使尖头全金属被甲弹发生明显的尾部碎裂现象,要求命中时的弹丸速度在2400fps以上。那满足这个条件的距离是多少呢?我手头没有详细的6.5mm有坂弹的弹道数据,所以我用弹型与之相近但初速和弹道性能都高一些的6.5*55mm瑞典毛瑟弹来比较,用温彻斯特公司网页上提供的弹道计算器(
http://ballisticscalculator.winchester.com/)算出的结果,发射140格令(9.1克)的弹头,在80码的距离上的弹丸速度就已经降到了2400fps以下,那么初速和弹道性能都差一些的有坂弹的表现只能更杯具。难道说这长达一米三的三八式就是要用来在100米内打CQB的吗?
最后再说回M193弹的问题,M193侵彻力低的原因是什么?难道是因为M16A1的缠距大吗?还不是因为它的高速度和软质弹头材料所致的吗?假如用缠距较短的M16A2发射M193弹的话,难道侵彻力就能大幅提升了吗?
同理,如果要说歪把子的侵彻力是一个茶几,那三八式的侵彻力起码就是一套餐具。
另附美国陆军医疗部《创伤弹道学》全文(可能需翻墙)——
http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/woundblstcs/default.htm