1、the IRA
一个非官方的半军事组织，1919年正式成立，其前身是1913年成立民族主义组织——爱尔兰志愿军，其目的是武装推翻英国在爱尔兰的统治，为争取成立独立的爱尔兰共和国而斗争
An half-unofficial military organization, established in 1919, the origin of this organization was the nationalism organization -----Ireland volunteer troops which established in 1913, overthrow the rule of Britain in Ireland was its target, it also strove for the establishment of Republic of Ireland
2、Bloody Sunday
事件发生在1972年1月30日，英国空降部队打死了13名为争取民权举行示威游行的天主教徒。这一事件激起了人们的强烈不满，大规模的反英示威在各地举行。在爱尔兰的首都都柏林，英国使馆被烧毁
The event occurred in January 30, 1972, the Special Air Service has killed 13 Catholic followers who hold demonstration for striving for the civil rights. This event has aroused the intense disaffection of people, so many large demonstrations against Britain were held in everywhere. In Ireland's capital, Dublin, the embassy of Britain was burned down
3、the Bullet and Ballot Box
暴力和民主手段，由新芬党领袖们提出，他们主张用政治或军事手段解决爱尔兰的统一
The method of violence and democratic, proposed by the Sinn Fein leaders, they advocated solves Ireland's unification with politics or military method
4、the Downing-Street Declaration
1969年8月3日发生北爱发生动乱，北爱皇家卫队直接出面干预，而英国政府则在8月14日直接派兵干预。由于英政府对北爱皇家卫队和北爱政府不断违反常规的做法失去信任，遂于8月29日发表《唐宁街宣言》， 授权英军司令直接干预北爱治安事务
To suppress the uprising in Northern Ireland on August 3rd, 1969, the Northern Irish government sent out the Royal Army while the British government sent their own troops on August 14th. The British government became distrusted with both the Northern Ireland Royal Army and the Northern Irish government for their frequent encroachments of international convention, and published the Downing-Street Declaration on August 29th, empowering the Commander in Chief of the British Army to enforce the security of Northern Ireland.
5、the Home-Rule Bill
1912年下议院提出自治法案，但遭到北爱统一派和保守党的强烈反对。该法案直到1914年才被乔治5世签署为法律。
In 1912, the House of Commons proposed the autonomous bill, but the Irish unifying party and the conservative party objected this intensely. This bill became a law because of the signature of George V until 1914
6、the Easter Rising of 1916
1916年复活节清晨（4月24日）“爱尔兰兄弟共和会”和共和军的战士们在帕尔斯和康纳利的领导下，发动了一次反英的武装起义，占领了都柏林总邮局，宣布成立爱尔兰共和国。但由于时机不成熟和准备不充分，5天后被镇压
In the morning of the Easter of 1916 (April 24th), the "Republic Union of Irish Brotherhood" and the Republic Army started an armed uprising in defiance of the British occupation. They occupied the main post office of Dublin and declared the founding of the Republic of Ireland, only to be suppressed five days later due to the immature opportune moment and insufficient preparation.
7、the Civil Rights Movement
1967年，北爱一批天主教徒的同情者自发成立了民权协会。1968年8月24日，北爱民权协会举行了第一次抗议游行，抗议北爱政府在住房问题上歧视天主教徒。同年10月5日，北爱民权协会再次在伦敦德里举行抗议游行，结果被皇家北爱保安队镇压了
In 1967, some compassionates of the Roman Catholic founded the Civil Rights Movement in Northern Ireland. On August 24th in 1968, they held their first demonstration against the Northern Ireland government for its discrimination against the Roman Catholics on various housing issues. On October 5th of the same year, the Civil Rights Movement held another demonstration in London Deli, only to be suppressed by the Northern Irelish Royal Security Army.
8、Plaid Cymru
威尔士党。1925年8月成立，要求威尔士有更大的自治权，同时希望与英格兰保持紧密的关系
Welsh party, established in August 1925, advocated that Wales had to have a bigger autonomy, simultaneously hoped to maintain the close relation with England
9、Auid Lang Syne
就是著名的苏格兰民歌“友谊地久天长”
“Friendship forever” is a famous folk song in Scotland.
10、Macbeth
莎士比亚四大悲剧之一《麦克白》。现实生活种的麦克白在1040年杀死堂兄，自立为苏格兰国王。1057年在一场战争中被英格兰支持的一方杀死。他大起大落的生平成为莎士比亚创作的基本情节
Macbeth was one of the four great Tragedies of Shakespeare. The real-life Macbeth became the King of Scotland after murdering his cousin in 1040, but was killed in a war against an enemy supported by the British government 17 years later. His vicissitudes of life became the ingredients for Shakespeare’s basic plots.
11、William and Mary
英国议会于1687年底邀请詹姆斯二世的女儿、新教徒玛丽和她的丈夫、荷兰国王威廉到英国联合执政。威廉的军队在英国登陆时未遇任何抵抗，这就是英国史上1688年的“光荣革命”。1689年，议会通过“权利法案”，限制国王权利，从而开始了君主立宪制
At the end of 1687, the British parliamentary invited Mary, the daughter of James II and a Protestant, and her husband William, the King of Netherlands, to the United Kingdom to form a coalition government. William’s army while entering the territory of the United Kingdom encountered no resistance, and this was the famous "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 in the British history.
The parliament passed the "Right Proposed Law" in 1689 to constrain the power of the King, thus marking the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy.
12、the Scottish House of Stuart
1371年罗伯特二世成为第一代斯图亚特国王，为苏格兰王室。1603年，詹姆斯六世继承英格兰王位，斯图亚特从此成为英格兰王室
In 1371, Robert II became the first king of the Scottish House of Stuart, so the Scottish House of Stuart became royal court of Scotland. In 1603, James VI inherited the English throne, so the Scottish House of Stuart henceforth became the royal court of England
13、Robin Hood
罗宾汉，英国传说中一位著名的绿林好汉，在森林盘踞，以劫富济贫杀贪官污吏为宗旨
Robin Hood, the heroes of the greenwood in the legend of Britain, is settled in the forest. His aim is not only to rob the rich and help the poor, but also to kill all corrupt officials.
14、the Tower of London
位于泰晤士河北岸，伦敦塔桥附近，是伦敦著名古迹之一。由威廉一世于11世纪兴建，经历代君主的扩建和修整，整个建筑反映了英国不同朝代的建筑风格
The Tower of London, one of the most famous ancient buildings in London, was located in the northern coast of River Thames, near to the Tower Bridge. William I the Conqueror constructed it in the 11th century. With expansion and reparation during all the past dynasties, the whole building reflected difference architectural style in difference dynasty in Britain.
15、King Arthur
6世纪时英格兰的统治者，圆桌武士的领袖
King Arthur was the ruler of England and the leader of the Knights of the Round Table in the 6th century.
16、the Roman Empire
始于公元前31年，公元192年进入全盛时期。进入3世纪，罗马奴隶制社会进入全面危机。395年分裂为西罗马帝国和东罗马帝国
The country began in 31 B.C. Entered the heyday in 192 A.D. After 3rd century, the Roman slavery society enters the comprehensive crisis and split into the west Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire in 395
17、Queen Elizabeth
英格兰最伟大的君主之一。在位45年中，她不愿发动战争，因而保证国家稳步走向繁荣。伊丽莎白实行了一系列的强国政策，使英国成了海上霸王，走上了殖民主义道路
Elizabeth I was one of the greatness Emperor of England. During her forty-five years of reign, she tried to avoid war to ensure prosperity stability. Elizabeth carried out a series of strengthen policies. It made Britain became a maritime overlord and began her way of colonialism.
18、the Commonwealth of Nations
英联邦。由英国和独立前的英帝国殖民地或附属国组成，原称“英帝国”，第一次世界大战后改用此名
Originally named "British Empire", a collection of United Kingdom, its current and former colonies.The name was changed to Commonwealth of Nation after First World War.
19、the European Union
在欧洲共同体的基础上发展而来的，欧共体始创国为法国、联邦德国、意大利、荷兰、比利时和卢森堡。1991年底，欧共体在荷兰马斯特里赫特市举行首脑会议，通过了《欧洲联盟条约》。1993年11月欧洲联盟条约生效，欧共体改称欧盟
The development of The European Union was based on the European Community, which included Germany Federal Republic, Italy, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg. In the end of 1991, the European Community held a conference in Maastricht and passed the treaty of European Union. The treaty was effective in November 1993. The European Community was renamed as The European Union.
20、the Vikings
指第8世纪至第10世纪残暴掠夺欧洲西海岸德北欧海盗
Refers to the Viking who plunders cruelly in the western coast of Europe between the 8th century and 10th century.
Normally refer to the Scandinavian Pirates who ferociously raided the western coast of Europe from the 8th Century to the 10th Century.
基本完成了，看看还有什么修改吧
